Spacing means and method for typing paper

ABSTRACT

A sheet of typing paper or of carbon paper or of backing material has a vertically arranged scale containing indicia representing typing lines on the sheet. The indicia run in numerical order downward from the top line to a position of the sheet where the numerical order is reversed, enabling a typist to determine the position on the sheet where the typing text should be discontinued and where footnotes should be commenced. A feature resides in binding the typed paper within a folder which conceals the scale.

ed States a Pat ent. i1 1 Pascu a et al.

I n; 3,842,506 [451 Oct. 22,1974

[ SPACING MEANS AND METHOD FOR TYPING PAPER [75] Inventors: Don F.Pascua, Carson; Harold C.

' Stearns, Hermosa Beach, both of Calif.

[73] Assignee: Space Paper Products, Hermosa Beach, Calif.

[22] Filed: Sept. 14, 1972 [2]] Appl. No.: 288,961

[52] US. Cl. 33/1 B, 33/111, 282/29 C [51] Int. Cl. G01b 3/10 [58] Fieldof Search 33/1 B, 111, l R; 282/29 C [56] References Cited UNITED STATESPATENTS 898,916 9/1908 Ohashi 282/29 c l,27l,28l 7/l9l8 Creahan 282/29 Cl,33(),871 2/l920 Hexter 282/29 C 6/l937 Heck ..2s2)29c 2,082,4942,088,03 7/l937 Scoville 282/29 C 2,659,978 ll/l953 Dunn 33/l ll FOREIGNPATENTS ORAPPLICATIONS 8/1923 Great Britain 282/29 C PrimaryExaminerWilliam D. Martin, Jr. Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Donald D. Mon

57 ABSTRACT 1 Claim,'17 Drawing Figures -l4e i I r/z L0 I 4 l a 1% I 5ll -/5 #4 m J SPACING MEANS AND METHOD FOR TYPING PAPER This inventionrelates to typing material and equipment used for typing, and has for anobject to aid a typist to determine the linear horizontal position oftyped material upon a sheet of typing paper. A related object is tofacilitate the positioning of footnote material on the sheet.

One of the problems of a typist in typing a sheet of text resides invisualizing just how far from the bottom of the sheet each line beingtyped is located. The reason for this is, of course, that the part ofthe sheet below the line being typed is out of sight below the rolls ofthe typewriter. When a sheet is to contain footnotes, there is a specialproblem. For proper appearance and filling of the sheet, and for properspacing of the text from the footnotes, the typist must know where todiscontinue the text on the sheet in order properly to accommodate thefootnotes.

In accordance with the present invention, the typist is kept apprised atall times of the position of a line being typed on the sheet, and alsoof the number of lines remaining where footnotes are to be accommodated.

A properly typed paper should have its first line of typing a definitelyestablished position below the top of the sheet and also, a definitelyestablished distance from the bottom. Such distances from top and bottomcan conveniently be chosen as one inch, for example.

The invention is carried out by provision of a vertical scale hereinreferred to as a space-paper scale. The scale contains indiciaindicating both top and bottom page margins, alerting the typist as towhen the bottom of the page will be reached, and permitting properfootnote space determination.

The scale commences at the predetermined distance from the first line oftext below the top of the sheet, for example, one inch. The placing ofeach succeeding line of typing below the top line is indicated on thescale by indicia representing an ascending numerical order. For ease oflocating particular line numbers on the sheet, it is preferable,although not essential, that the scale be arranged in a checkerboardtype pattern. This can be done by grouping the numbers of lines in eachsuccessive increment of distance, for example increments of one incheach, down the page. Assuming six lines of typing to the inch, the firstgroup of indicia would be that representing lines 1 through 6; thesecond group would contain indicia for lines 7 through 12, which groupwould be horizontally offset from the first group; and the third groupwould be indicia for lines 13 through 18 which would appear beneath thefirst group. This checkerboard grouping can be continued down the scale.

At a pre-established distance below the top of the sheet, for example, 8inches below the top, which would involve 42 lines of typing where thereare six typing lines to the inch, the indicia representing line numbersare reversed into a descending order of lines. This descending order maycomprise, for example, 12 lines, or 2 inches, of typing area where thereare six lines to the inch. The descending numerical order indicates tothe typist the number of lines remaining before reaching thepre-established marginal area at the bottom of the sheet.

The space-scale occupies a vertical strip, for example about one-halfinch wide and is located at the left side of the sheet of paper. Thesheet is a sheet of typing paper.

According to a feature, typed sheets having a scale at their left sidemargins may be bound in a folder and arranged so that the scale isconcealed from view when so bound. Punched holes near the left side forbinding are applied to the sheets, and the holes may be either withinthe vertical area of the scale indicia or inside of it.

The foregoing and other features of the invention will be betterunderstood from the following detailed description and the accompanyingdrawings of which:

FIG. 1 shows part of a sheet of typing paper containing a space-scaleaccording to this invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of the scale taken within thecircle 2 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 illustrates a sheet like that of FIG. 1 held in the rolls of atypewriter;

FIG. 4 shows a sheet like that of FIG. 1 bound in a folder;

FIG. 5 shows a detail in cross-section taken at lin 5-5 of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 illustrates a sheet according to the present invention of asomewhat different construction from that of FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is a cross-section view taken at line 77 of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 shows another construction of a typing sheet containing a scaleaccording to this invention;

FIG. 9 is a cross-section view taken at line 9-9 of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a cross-section view showing a modification of the structureshown in FIGS. 8 and 9;

FIG. 11 shows a sheet of carbon paper containing a scale according tothis invention;

FIG. 12 is a cross-section view taken at line 12-42 of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is a cross-section view taken at line 13-13 of FIG. 11;

FIG. 14 shows another arrangement of carbon paper containing a scaleaccording to this invention related to a sheet of typing paper;

FIG. 15 is a cross-section view taken at line 15-15 of FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 shows a backing sheet containing a scale according to thisinvention supporting a sheet of typing paper related to the scale; and

FIG. 17 is a cross-section view taken at line 17-17 of FIG. 16.

Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates a portion of a sheet oftyping paper 10 which is arbitrarily assumed to be an ordinary 8% inchby l 1 inch size. At the left side thereof, the sheet has three spacedpunched holes 11 adapted for fastening in a binder. At the left margin,near the edge of the sheet, there is provided a scale 9 of indiciacomprising line numbers. This scale 9 comprises two groups 12 and 13 onebelow the other.

The upper group 12 comprises line numbers running consecutively downwardcommencing at a distance, which can conveniently be 1 inch, from the topof the sheet at which typing normally begins. It is assumed in thisexample that there are six typing lines to the inch. Accordingly, theset of numbers 1 through 6 is printed in vertical array along the leftmargin for an inch. The

second set of vertically arranged numbers 7 through 12 occupying thesecond inch of typing is offset to the right from the numbers 1 through6 as a visual aid in lo cating the numbers. The next set of numbers 13through 18 occupying the third inch of typing is located beneath thefirst set numbered 1 through 6. These sets of six numbers with eachsix-number set being offset relative to the set next above, extend downthe sheet. It is noted that in this group of numbers the highest numberis 39 which is the lowermost number of the set consisting of linenumbers 37, 38 and 39.

Below this first group 12 of typing line numbers 1 through 39, there isthe second group 13 comprising fifteen lines of typing remaining on thepage, allowing for a l-inch margin at the bottom. These l lines are eachgiven the prefix F to indicate that it is a possible footnote line.These footnote lines are numbered upwardly from the bottom so that theline marked F is immediately below the line numbered 39 at the end ofthe first group. The reason for this selection of fifteen of the Fnumbers is that experience has shown that the maximum number of footnotelines on any page seldom exceeds fifteen. Since in this example, thepage is assumed to be a normal 8% X 11 page leaving one inch margin atthe top and bottom, there will remain 10 inches of typing lines withinwhich 54 typing lines can be accommodated. Since there are arbitrarilychosen fifteen F numbers, there remain on the page 39 lines for regulartyping.

The sheet shown in FIG. 1 may be used either with or without footnotes.If there are no footnotes for the page, the typist will ordinarily startat the line numbered l and type down through line number Fl beforestarting a new typing page. If there are to be footnotes, however, thetypist should establish the number of lines to be occupied by thefootnotes. This may be done by simply estimating the lines in simplecases, or if the footnote lines cannot readily be estimated, the typistmay first set them up on a sheet of paper to establish the lines to beoccupied. If, for example, the typist finds there are to be thirteenlines of footnotes, the lowermost footnote line will be line F1 and theuppermost footnote line will be line F13. Since one line will ordinarilybe used for a divider line and another line will be left blank followingthe last line of typed text, there will be the entire fifteen F-linesdevoted to the footnotes so that the last line of text typing will beline 39.

If there should be less than thirteen lines of footnotes, there can becorrespondingly more lines of text. Thus, for example, if there are onlynine lines of footnotes, the typist can type text down through line F12,which will leave the two lines, F10 and F1] for the divider and thespace.

The foregoing examples of 13 and nine footnote lines respectively applyto odd-numbered footnote lines. In the event there is an even number offootnote lines, for example ten lines of footnotes, the lowermostfootnote line should be at the line numbered F2 which means that thefootnotes will begin at line F 10 (a total of nine lines of footnotes).

The advantageof this arrangement will become apparent from inspection ofFIG. 3 which shows the sheet in a typewriter 8. The typist can only seethe lines of the sheet which are at and above the line on which thetyping is being done. Thus, when the typing is being done at line 24,for example, the typist can see all of the lines 1 through 24 which areat that moment above the rolls of the typewriter. None of the linesbelow 24 is visible since the sheet extends downwardly out of sightbelow the rolls.

Typed sheets according to FIG. 1 are adapted for binding in a foldersuch as folder 14 of FIGS. 4 and 5. This cover is of a well-known typehaving a front cover 14a and a rear cover 14b. The front cover is foldedat 14c and the rear cover is folded at 14d 14d that the respectivecovers can overlie respective flaps Me and 14f between which the leftside edges of the typed sheets are adapted to be placed. A sheet 10 isshown in the folder where it is secured by fasteners 15 passed throughaligned holes of the respective flaps and through holes 11 of the sheet.It will be recognized that any convenient number of sheets may beincluded in the folder. By this arrangement, the indicia 12 and 13 arecovered by the flap 14.

FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate a typing sheet 16 containing a line numberingscale having groups 12 and 13 like that of FIG. 1 but in which theregistration holes 17 are located well to the right of the columns ofline numbers. Immediately to the right of the column of line.

numbers and well to the left of the holes 17, the sheet is verticallyserated along line 18 so that after the sheet is typed as has beendescribed in connection with FIG. 1, the line numbers can be removed bytearing at the seration, thereby leaving an ordinary typed sheet withthe registration holes 17.

FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate a modified form of typing sheet 18 similar tothat of FIG. 1 except that it is made in two portions 18a and 18b, theleft edge of the main portion 18b overlapping the right edge of portion18a which contains the indicia groups 12 and 13. The overlapped portionsare held together by a layer of glue 19.

FIG. 10 shows an arrangement for the sheet which is the reverse of thatshown in FIG. 9. The only difference between FIGS. 9 and 10 is that inFIG. 10 the strip 20 is used instead of the strip 18a of FIG. 9, and isplaced at the right side of the page, the layer of glue being betweenthe overlapping parts of strips 18 and 20. In FIG. 10, the scale is, ofcourse, to the right of sheet 18 instead of to the left as in FIG. 8 and9.

FIGS. 11, 12, and 13 show a variation of the arrangements of thepreceding figures wherein a sheet of carbon paper 21 is attached to asheet 22 of paper which is to receive a carbon copy of original typingbeing made on a sheet which is not illustrated in these figures, butwhich will be placed over the carbon sheet, the

back of which appears in FIG. 11, while the carbon coated side will beagainst the sheet 22. The scale 24, similar to scale 9 of FIG. 1 islocated along the right margin of the carbon paper. The bottom of thecarbon paper is attached to the bottom of the sheet 22 by a layer ofglue 23 to hold the two sheets in their proper position. When the textwith or without footnotes is to be typed, a front sheet of typing paperwill be placed over the side of the carbon sheet 21 opposite the sheet22, without covering the scale, so that a ribbon copy will be made onthe front sheet and the carbon on sheet 22. Although the carbon paper isshown attached to the sheet 22 at the bottom, it will be recognized thatit could, if desired, be attached at the top or at the left side.

FIG. 14 illustrates a modification of the arrangement shown in FIGS. ll,12, and 13. In FIG. 14, the carbon sheet 25 is similar to carbon sheet21 of FIG. 1 1, except that it is offset sideways relative to the sheet26 on which the carbon copy is to be made. Thus, the side edges of thecarbon sheet are shown by the full lines 250 and 25b and the side edgesof the carbon copy sheet are shown by full line 26a and the dotted line26b. The area between full line 25a and dotted line 27 contains thelayer of glue 28 between the carbon sheet 25 and the carbon copy sheet26. In this arrangement, the right marginal edge of the carbon sheet 25between lines 25b and 26b is provided with the a scale 29 similar to thescale 9 of FIG. 1, and this margin need contain no carbon layer.

FIGS. 16 and 17 show a variation of the invention in which the paper ismounted to a rectangular backing sheet 30, which may be of plastic, onwhich a scale 31, which may be similar to scale 9 of FIG. 1, is placed.At each of the four corners of the rectangle, the backing sheet hasformed in it a slot, these slots being numbered 32, 33, 34, and 35, ofsufficient width to admit the corners of a sheet 36 of typing paper. Thescale 31 may, of course, appear on either side of the backing sheet 30since the backing sheet can be used with the scale either at the leftside or the right side. This arrangement has the advantage that thebacking sheet with its scale is reusable, whereas in the previouslydescribed embodiments a scale is usable only once since it is on eitherthe paper or the carbon sheet, depending on the particular embodiment.

It will be understood that the embodiments of the invention illustratedand described herein are given by way of illustration and not oflimitation, and that modifications or equivalents or alternatives withinthe scope of the invention may suggest themselves to those skilled inthe art.

Obviously dimensions can be changed without departing from theinvention. The dimensions indicated in the drawings, particularlyapplicable to 8 /2 inch by 11 inch sheets, can be modified especially inthe case of sheets of a different size.

It will also be recognized that although FIG. 4 shows one specific formof folder which may be used with sheets according to this invention,other forms of folders may alternatively be used.

What is claimed is:

1. In combination, a sheet of paper to be placed in a typewriter fortyping thereon and a folder;

said sheet having at the left side thereof registration holes forbinding in said folder and a vertical scale of insignia arranged in twogroups, the first of Y which is above the second, the first group beingadapted to indicate lines for text, and the second group being adaptedto indicate lines for footnotes, the insignia of said first grouprepresenting successive lines in numerical order in the downwarddirection for typing down from the uppermost line of typing on thesheet, and the insignia of the second group representing successivetyping lines in numerical order in the upward direction from thelowermost line of typing on the sheet;

said folder containing a flap having registration holes aligned with theregistration holes of the sheet; and

fastening means maintaining the registration holes of the sheet inregistration with the respective registration holes of the flap so thatthe flap conceals the scale from view.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECT PatentN Dated OCtObGfZZ,

Don F. Pascu a and 7 Harold C. Stearns It is certified that errorappears I in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patentare hereby corrected as shown below:

Col. 4, line 8 cancel "14d" second occurrence and after "14d" firstoccurrence insert ---s o-- Col. 4, line 17, ""14" should reed --14e--Signed and sealed this 7th day of January 1975.

(SEAL) Attest: V

h McCOY M. GIBSON JR. 0. mRsHALL DAN-N Attesting Officer Commissioner ofPatents

1. In combination, a sheet of paper to be placed in a typewriter fortyping thereon and a folder; said sheet having at the left side thereofregistration holes for binding in said folder and a vertical scale ofinsignia arranged in two groups, the first of which is above the second,the first group being adapted to indicate lines for text, and the secondgroup being adapted to indicate lines for footnotes, the insignia ofsaid first group representing successive lines in numerical order in thedownward direction for typing down from the uppermost line of typing onthe sheet, and the insignia of the second group representing successivetyping lines in numerical order in the upward direction from thelowermost line of typing on the sheet; said folder containing a flaphaving registration holes aligned with the registration holes of thesheet; and fastening means maintaining the registration holes of thesheet in registration with the respective registration holes of the flapso that the flap conceals the scale from view.